Government Liability

Understanding Sovereign Immunity and Pre-Suit Notice in Florida Personal Injury Cases

Published on: January 22, 2025 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

Florida’s sovereign immunity laws protect government agencies and employees from lawsuits except under specific conditions. When a government employee causes harm, sovereign immunity can only be waived if the injured party strictly complies with the pre-suit notice requirements outlined in section 768.28(6) of the Florida Statutes. These requirements ensure the responsible agency receives proper notice of the claim, allowing it to investigate and address the issue before litigation begins. In a recent case from Florida’s Fifth District Court of Appeal, the court reversed a trial court’s decision denying summary judgment to a sheriff’s office. The injured party failed to meet the pre-suit notice conditions required under section 768.28(6), leading the court to determine that sovereign immunity had not been waived. This decision underscores the importance of following statutory requirements precisely when filing a claim against a government entity.

What Is Sovereign Immunity?

Sovereign immunity shields government agencies and employees from being sued without their consent. Florida Statutes allow limited waivers of this protection under specific circumstances, but strict compliance with the outlined procedures is necessary. When suing a government entity for negligence, you must adhere to pre-suit notice requirements to proceed with the claim. Pre-suit notice under section 768.28(6) requires claimants to notify the appropriate agency of their claim in writing. This notice must include the specific details of the alleged negligence and demand compensation. Failing to meet these conditions bars the claimant from pursuing the lawsuit, as sovereign immunity remains intact. Florida courts have repeatedly emphasized the importance of following these statutory requirements without deviation.

The Importance of Proper Pre-Suit Notice

Pre-suit notice serves an essential purpose in claims involving government agencies. It provides the state or its subdivisions sufficient time to investigate the allegations and potentially resolve the claim before litigation. Florida law requires claimants to provide written notice to the appropriate agency and the Florida Department of Financial Services (DFS) within three years of the incident. The recent appellate court decision involved a claimant who sent notices to several entities but failed to send proper notice to the sheriff’s office responsible for the alleged negligence. Emails sent by the claimant’s attorney’s office to the sheriff’s office included basic information about the accident but did not meet the statutory requirement of presenting a formal claim for compensation. The court found that these communications were insufficient to waive sovereign immunity.

Florida Court Dismisses Lawsuit Against City of Miami Citing Sovereign Immunity Pre-Suit Notice Requirement

Published on: June 22, 2024 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

In a recent decision, the Third District Court of Appeal reversed a lower court’s order that denied the City of Miami’s motion to dismiss a lawsuit based on sovereign immunity. The court explained that the plaintiff did not comply with Florida’s sovereign immunity pre-suit notice requirement, leading the court to side with the City. This ruling highlights the importance of following proper procedures when suing a government entity. If you’re in Miami and considering such a lawsuit, hiring a personal injury attorney can be invaluable.

Cases involving negligent government entities are more common than people think. Whether it’s a car accident involving a city vehicle or a slip and fall on government property, these situations frequently arise. Successfully pursuing these claims requires an experienced Miami personal injury lawyer who understands Florida’s sovereign immunity laws. A knowledgeable attorney can help you navigate these complex cases, ensuring all procedural steps are correctly followed and increasing your chances of a favorable outcome.

Florida’s Sovereign Immunity Statute

Florida’s sovereign immunity statute, specifically Section 768.28(6), sets forth the requirements for suing a government entity. This statute is crucial because it dictates how and when a lawsuit can be brought against a governmental body. One of the primary requirements is that the plaintiff must provide pre-suit notice to the agency being sued. This notice must be given in writing, and the nature of the claim and the amount of compensation demanded must be detailed.

Florida Appellate Court Upholds Decision in Sovereign Immunity Case Involving Former Miami City Attorney

Published on: June 7, 2024 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

A recent decision by a Florida appellate court underscores the challenges of sovereign immunity cases. The former City Attorney for the City of Miami appealed a lower court’s denial of her motion to dismiss, claiming sovereign immunity. The appellate court upheld the lower court’s decision, allowing the case to proceed because the plaintiff’s complaint included enough details to survive the motion to dismiss.

The court found that the complaint sufficiently alleged that the defendant acted in bad faith, with malicious purpose, or exhibiting wanton and willful disregard for the plaintiff’s property. This key element helped the plaintiff overcome the motion to dismiss, showing that claims of bad faith or malicious intent can be crucial.

Sovereign immunity cases are notoriously tough. They often involve convoluted legal rules that protect government officials and entities from lawsuits. In this case, the plaintiff successfully provided enough factual allegations to move forward. This decision highlights the importance of detailed and thorough legal work when challenging sovereign immunity claims.

Understanding sovereign immunity is crucial for those facing legal battles with government entities. This case shows that while these cases are complex, they can be won. The appellate court’s ruling demonstrates that with the right legal strategy and careful preparation, plaintiffs can overcome the hurdles of sovereign immunity.

Florida Sheriff Found Liable for Teen’s Death and Ordered to Pay $15 Million

Published on: October 12, 2022 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

By the virtue of their employment, law enforcement officers and other public safety officials often find themselves in situations that present a danger to themselves or other members of the public. When people are hurt or killed as a result of negligent police activity, it may be challenging to determine if the law enforcement officer or agency bears some civil responsibility for the loss. On one hand, police officers are human and are forced into dangerous situations very often, holding them accountable for any negligent acts would prevent police from properly performing their duties. On the other hand, law enforcement officers are tasked with protecting the public, and if an officer negligently or intentionally acts in a way that results in the death of an innocent person, there must be some consequences. Florida law addresses these considerations by operating within a framework that allows public employees, including police officers, to be sued personally for damages under some circumstances. A recently published news report discusses a jury verdict recently handed down in a wrongful death case filed by the family of a deceased teenager.

According to the news report discussing the recent jury verdict, the trial centered on the death of a 12-year-old boy who had been visiting the fair on the day he died. According to the report, police officers were called to the fair because some youths were causing a disturbance and committing small crimes. Although some of the youths were arrested or detained, the deceased boy was not accused of any criminal activity, however, the officer chose to eject him from the fair nonetheless. Instead of allowing the child to leave the fair through the exit, the officer forced him to go out of a side exit that had no safe pedestrian access and abutted a busy highway. When attempting to cross the highway, the boy was hit by a vehicle and was pronounced dead at the scene.

The boy’s family pursued a wrongful death claim against the officer and the department in Florida state court. According to the complaint, the officer was grossly negligent in forcing the young child out of the far and onto a busy highway, where he was ultimately killed. In responding to such claims, municipal law enforcement agencies often claim that qualified immunity protected them from being sued. Qualified immunity is a legal doctrine that protects public employees (including law enforcement officers) from legal liability for acts of negligence that occur while the employee is acting within the scope of their employment. Qualified immunity has been used in Florida to protect thousands of public employees from the consequences of their negligence, but the protection is not absolute.

Federal Appeals Court Revives Civil Assault Claim Against School Security Officer

Published on: September 10, 2022 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

Florida residents who intentionally or recklessly injure another by their conduct may be held criminally accountable by the government for their conduct with the filing of assault or criminal battery charges. In addition to this criminal liability, a person guilty of an assault that caused an injury can be held accountable for financial and other damages in civil court. A former middle school student’s lawsuit against a school security officer who allegedly assaulted him on school property has recently been addressed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, where the defendant’s claim of qualified immunity was ultimately rejected.

According to the facts discussed in the appellate opinion, the plaintiff was a 13-year-old boy at the time of the incident. The plaintiff and his mother were checking in with the office at the plaintiff’s school when the security officer was called to address the plaintiff’s behavior. After speaking with the plaintiff for about 2 minutes, the defendant inexplicably grabbed the plaintiff’s face and tackled him to the ground, causing injuries. After the incident, the defendant was fired from his job at the school and ultimately criminally charged with assault for his behavior.

Aside from the criminal proceedings, the plaintiff pursued a civil assault claim against the defendant in federal court. The plaintiff claimed that the defendant acted illegally under his supposed authority as a school security officer, and had no right to detain him with the force applied. Before trial, the defendant successfully argued to the court that he had “qualified immunity” from the charges. The trial court found that the defendant was working within the scope of his authority as a security officer and that the force used was not excessive. The plaintiff appealed the ruling to the 11th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals.

What Is the Discretionary Planning Function Under Florida Personal Injury Law?

Published on: February 15, 2022 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

Florida Statutes Section 768.28 partially waives a governmental entity’s sovereign immunity protections. However, the waiver only applies in cases stemming from a governmental entity’s operational functions and not discretionary planning-level functions. Recently, an appeals court issued a decision addressing a negligence claim involving the government’s discretionary actions.

A plaintiff filed an amended complaint against a Florida town about injuries their minor child suffered while riding their bicycle. The child was riding a bike on a path along a street when they approached a dumpster blocking the path. The child left the bike path and entered the street to avoid the obstruction. A driver struck the child while he was traveling down the street. In response to the plaintiff’s claim, the county moved to dismiss the case based on sovereign immunity.

On appeal, the court reasoned that the law entitles the defendant to sovereign immunity because the plaintiff’s complaint alleged that the county was negligent in its discretionary planning-level functions. Florida law provides that sovereign immunity protects governmental entities for their discretionary functions. Discretionary functions include quasi-legislative decisions, policy-making, and judgmental governmental functions. On the other hand, sovereign immunity does not apply to operational functions such as decisions that implement policy. As such, plaintiffs wishing to overcome sovereign immunity must allege negligent acts “at an operational level.”

Florida Auto Accidents with Police Vehicles

Published on: January 31, 2022 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

Generally, Florida personal injury lawsuits follow a clear pattern; however, cases involving governmental entities present additional challenges and burdens. Pursuing lawsuits and collecting damages after an accident with a governmental entity or vehicle requires a comprehensive understanding of complex negligence laws. Unlike other states, but for three primary exceptions, Florida permits individuals to pursue negligence actions against governmental entities.

A government employee may be held liable for damages or injuries under certain circumstances in Florida. These situations typically involve cases where the injury stems from a negligent act, omission, or wrongful act of the government employee, there are compensable damages, and the law would hold the responsible party negligent even if they were not a government worker.

Those who have suffered injuries in an accident with a Florida government vehicle should seek legal representation as soon as possible. While the law permits accident lawsuits against Florida police officers, these cases are very fact-specific. For instance, a recent Florida appeals court issued an opinion involving a lawsuit against a police vehicle. In that case, an off-duty police officer rear-ended another vehicle. The vehicle owners filed a complaint against the City of Miami (City) for their damages and losses. However, the City argued that they were entitled to sovereign immunity because the office was off-duty at the time of the incident. The trial court found in favor of the City.

Florida Court Addressees University Hospital Sovereign Immunity in Medical Malpractice Lawsuit

Published on: November 10, 2020 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

A Florida appellate court recently issued an opinion addressing whether a plaintiff could hold a university teaching hospital liable for medical malpractice. The main issue turned on whether sovereign immunity protects the university teaching hospital involved in the case.

In 2004, the university and healthcare system agreed to an affiliation contract that provided that the woman’s treating doctor was a university faculty member and employee. The agreement included an agreement between the doctor and the healthcare system, where the doctor would treat the system’s indigent patients. In 2011, the Florida lawmakers amended 768.28, Florida Statutes, thereby replacing the 2004 affiliation agreement. The amendment covered all patients’ care and provided that all university employees and faculty were acting as an agent of the healthcare system.

The record indicates that the woman received treatment for an illness with several doctors employed by a teaching hospital where the university provides healthcare services. She alleged that her doctors’ failure to prescribed appropriate medication resulted in her disabilities. The plaintiff filed a medical malpractice lawsuit against several parties, including the healthcare system, the university, and her treating physician. In response to the medical malpractice lawsuit, the university contended that they were entitled to immunity under Florida’s sovereign immunity statutes.

Damages Caps in Florida Lawsuits Against Government Entities

Published on: October 16, 2020 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

The Florida Supreme Court recently addressed the state’s statutory damages cap in cases against a governmental entity or actor. The state supreme court was tasked with answering whether the governmental immunity law caps damages at $200,00 for all injuries or deaths as claims “arising out of the same incident or occurrence.” The question stems from a negligence lawsuit that a father brought against Florida’s Department of Children and Families (DCF).

In this case, a man shot his estranged wife and five of her children, resulting in the death of the woman and four of the children. The children’s father filed a negligence and wrongful death lawsuit against DCF. He argued that the agency received several domestic disturbance calls at the residence. Further, he alleged that the agency failed to investigate the circumstances of the calls appropriately. He contends that the agency’s inadequate investigation and ultimate finding that the children were not at significant risk of harm were negligent and a breach of their nondelegable duty to protect the children. In response, the agency raised several defenses and argued that Florida statute 768.28(5) provides a limitation on the plaintiff’s available recovery.

Florida law provides a waiver to the archaic “sovereign immunity” doctrine, which provided complete protection against lawsuits against the government. The waiver allows individual parties to file tort actions against the state to recover money damages for the victim’s injury, loss of property, or death caused by the negligence or wrongful act or omission of a state actor. However, the law provides a limitation to a plaintiff’s available recovery against the state agency or actor. The state cannot be liable for a claim by one person, which exceeds $200,000 for the same incident or occurrence.

Court Finds Florida County Is Not Entitled to Summary Judgment in Recent Bike Accident Case

Published on: April 13, 2020 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

Florida biking accidents are a common cause of serious injuries in the state. In fact, the cyclist death rate in Florida is over 50% higher than in surrounding states. Miami leads the list of the Florida cities with the highest fatality rates. Bikers, motorists, and pedestrians must take special precautions while operating their vehicles or walking in roadways. Individuals who have been involved in a Florida bike accident should contact an experienced injury attorney to discuss their rights and potential remedies.

Late last month, an appellate court issued an opinion in a plaintiff’s appeal of summary judgment in favor of a county in a Florida negligence lawsuit. The biker filed a lawsuit after he suffered injuries when he lost control of his bike and fell into a drainage ditch. In his lawsuit, he alleged that the county had actual or constructive notice of the ditch. The country argued that it was not liable for the biker’s injuries because the plaintiff did not establish the element of causation.

According to the court’s opinion, the biker could not remember the exact moments right before falling into the ditch. However, the biker recalls that he was heading west when he approached the intersection and noticed a car stopped on the northbound lane. The plaintiff attempted to proceed south, but he did not know what the car was going to do, so he tried to go around the corner and stay on the shoulder. However, he was then struck by a vehicle and blacked out for several hours.