South Florida Personal Injury Lawyers Blog

Eleventh Circuit Reverses Lower Court Decision Involving the Definition of a “Land Motor Vehicle

Published on: May 10, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

In a recent case, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit issued an opinion in an appeal involving a dispute regarding the definition of a land motor vehicle in an insurance policy. The plaintiff, State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company (State Farm), sued the defendant, an individual with a car insurance policy with State Farm after the defendant filed a claim when she was struck by an uninsured driver of an electric motorized scooter. State Farm denied the defendant’s claim and then sued, seeking a declaratory judgment that the Policy provided no coverage. Both parties moved for summary judgment. At trial, the district court denied the defendant’s motion and granted summary judgment in part to State Farm. The plaintiff then filed a timely appeal.

The incident that triggered this case occurred on a Florida highway when the defendant’s insured Nissan Altima was struck by a driver operating a Razor Pocket Mod scooter (the Scooter). The Scooter had a top speed of 15 mph with a total battery life of 40 minutes of continuous ride time. The Scooter was not manufactured with a taillight, brake lights, turn signals, or exterior mirrors, and no such equipment had been added. The defendant suffered serious injuries to her neck, back, and knee, with surgery expected as a result of the crash. The Nissan Altima sustained a cracked headlight and fog light, a crushed front bumper and fender, and a cracked passenger side mirror.

Following the crash, the defendant submitted a claim to State Farm for UM coverage in the amount of $100,000. State Farm denied the claim, stating that the Scooter was not an “uninsured motor vehicle” under the policy. The State Farm insurance policy stated that it would “pay compensatory damages for bodily injury an insured is legally entitled to recover from the owner or driver of an uninsured motor vehicle.

Florida Legislature Enacts Sweeping Personal Injury Reforms

Published on: April 30, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

On March 24, 2023, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signed a far-reaching tort reform bill into law. The new law enacts several major changes to the Florida negligence liability system, the standard for bad-faith insurance claims, and the use of contingency-fee multipliers when calculating attorneys’ fees. Each of these changes directly influences how plaintiffs are able to pursue their claims in Florida moving forward. The announcement of the changes triggered a rush to the courthouses with negligence lawsuits in advance of its effective date, suggesting that the bill will curtain the overall tort liability landscape throughout the state.

Modified Comparative Negligence

The headline of the changes enacted by the Florida tort reform bill is the statewide shift from a pure comparative negligence system to a modified comparative negligence system. Under the old pure comparative negligence system, a plaintiff could recover an amount in proportion to the defendants’ percentage of responsibility for the plaintiff’s injuries regardless of the plaintiff’s liability. In practice, that meant that if a defendant was 30% responsible for a plaintiff’s injuries, the plaintiff could recover 30% of the damages associated with the injury from the defendant, even if the plaintiff was 70% liable. Under the old system, the plaintiff had four years to file a negligence lawsuit.

Under the new system, a plaintiff is able to recover in proportion to the defendants’ percentage of responsibility only if the plaintiff’s own share of responsibility is 50% or less. Meaning that if a plaintiff is more than 50% liable, the plaintiff cannot recover from the defendant. Additionally, the plaintiff has two years to file a negligence lawsuit, not four.

District Court Summary Judgement Case Reversed by Eleventh Circuit Over Genuine Dispute of Material Fact

Published on: April 24, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

In a recent appeals case, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit produced an opinion for an appeal involving a summary judgment ruling in a negligence case in Florida. The plaintiff-appellant was injured when she slipped on a grape in a Wal-Mart store and she subsequently sued the defendant-appellee, Wal-Mart Stores East, LP (Wal-Mart), for negligence. At trial, after the discovery process was completed, Wal-Mart moved for summary judgment, which the district court granted, finding that the plaintiff failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact that Wal-Mart had constructive knowledge that Wal-Mart had constructive knowledge of the grape, and thus she could not succeed on a negligence claim under Florida law. The plaintiff then filed a timely appeal.

The incident in question occurred on August 23, 2018, when the plaintiff was shopping at a Wal-Mart in West Palm Beach when she slipped on a grape and fell on her back and left side. A nearby employee helped her get up. The plaintiff reported feeling dizzy, and after filling out a Customer Incident Report, she went to Palm Beach Gardens Hospital, where she received treatment. The plaintiff had twice inspected the produce section near the grapes before falling, stating that she had not seen the grape either time. An employee had walked through the section approximately ten minutes prior to the accident and did not see the grape. A two-hour video from Wal-Mart’s surveillance cameras could not conclusively establish when the grape appeared in that spot. Following the accident the plaintiff sued Wal-Mart for negligence and Wal-Mart removed the case to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida based on diversity jurisdiction.

Following the district court’s granting of summary judgment, the plaintiff filed an appeal contending that when viewed in a light most favorable to the plaintiff, the evidence on the record contains a genuine dispute of material fact over Wal-Mart’s constructive knowledge of the grape that caused her to fall. Under Florida law, a plaintiff must establish four elements to sustain a successful negligence claim: (1) “the defendant owed a ‘duty, or obligation, recognized by the law, requiring the [defendant] to conform to a certain standard of conduct, for the protection of others against unreasonable risks’”; (2) “the defendant failed to conform to that duty”; (3) there is “‘[a] reasonably close causal connection between the [nonconforming] conduct and the resulting injury’ to the claimant”; and (4) “some actual harm.”

Florida Appeals Court Overturns Lower Court in Negligence Claim Due To Pleading-Stage Procedural Posture

Published on: April 16, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

In a recent case, the Fourth District Court of Appeals in Florida issued an opinion in an appeal involving a direct negligence claim and a vicarious liability claim by the appellant, the plaintiff, the appellees, a corporation, and its supervising employees. The plaintiff’s claim arose from a crash he suffered while riding his bicycle along a busy street. When he crossed in front of an automobile dealership, an employee of the dealership was leaving in a company van for delivery and crashed into the plaintiff. Responding to the operative complaint, the dealership admitted ownership of the van and that the driver was driving the van with permission while in the course of his employment when the crash occurred. At trial, the lower court dismissed all of the plaintiff’s claims.

At trial, the plaintiff filed claims of negligent driving against the driver and the dealership and additionally filed a claim against the dealership supervisors for negligent training, retention, supervision, and entrustment. He also filed a complaint alleging negligent hiring against the service manager. Finally, the plaintiff filed a vicarious liability complaint against the dealership corporation, North American Automotive Services, Inc. (North American), for the acts of its employee, the general manager. The supervisors, as well as North American each moved to dismiss their respective claims, and the trial court granted all three motions to dismiss. After final orders were entered dismissing the negligent employment claims with prejudice, the plaintiff gave notice of appeal.

On appeal, the plaintiff contended that the trial court erred in dismissing his claims against the supervisors and North American by ruling that, pursuant to Clooney, negligent employment claims against individual supervisors must allege that the subordinate employee’s negligent acts were outside the scope of employment. The appellate opinion found that the trial court’s reliance on Clooney was misplaced. In Clooney, the plaintiff did not allege direct negligence against the employer. Instead, the two counts which the trial court struck alleged concurrent theories of recovery based on vicarious liability. In short, the counts in Clooney were redundant. Additionally, the negligent employment claims in Clooney were brought against the employer and not individually against the supervisor. The appellate opinion further pointed out that in the case before them, the plaintiff did not make any negligent employment claims against the employer of the driver causing the accident, but instead, the negligent employment claims were made against the supervisors individually, and vicariously against an employer of one of the supervisors.

Eleventh Circuit Reverses Lower Court Decision in Bad Faith Insurance Claim

Published on: April 11, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

In a recent case, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit issued an opinion in an appeal involving a bad faith claim in an insurance case under Florida law. The plaintiff-appellant was injured in a car accident and subsequently sued the defendant-appellee, USAA General Indemnity Company, for bad faith. At trial, after the parties had conducted discovery, USAA moved for summary judgment, which the district court granted. The court concluded that there was no genuine dispute as to the bad faith claim because USAA had, at most, acted negligently in handling the claim. While that alone was sufficient for summary judgment in the eyes of the district court, the court further concluded that no reasonable jury could find USAA’s conduct caused the plaintiff to obtain the excess judgment against the insured party because the evidence showed that the plaintiff’s lawyer never intended to settle the case, granting summary judgment. The plaintiff then filed a timely appeal.

The accident that triggered the case involved three drivers: the insured, the plaintiff, and a non-party. On July 29, 2017, the insured lost control of his van and struck the non-party. The collision caused the insured to veer into oncoming traffic, landing on top of the plaintiff’s vehicle. The plaintiff suffered catastrophic injuries, including a torn aorta and several broken bones. He was airlifted from the crash site to the hospital, where he remained in a medically induced coma in the ICU for ten days before spending an additional three weeks in the hospital and rehabilitation facilities. A few days after the accident, USAA warned the insured of the possibility of an excess judgment and then again on August 8 and in a letter on October 26. Additionally, USAA began to investigate the case by collecting statements, corresponding with the plaintiff’s attorney, and obtaining the police report. Eventually, USAA tendered the policy limits, offering to settle with the plaintiff in exchange for a release of liability. The plaintiff’s attorney never offered to settle or sent a counteroffer.

Following the district court’s granting of summary judgment, the plaintiff filed an appeal contending that the district court erred because a reasonable jury could find in his favor on both the elements of a bad faith claim. Bad faith claims under Florida law are made up of two elements: (1) bad faith conduct by the insurer, which (2) causes an excess judgment to be entered against the insured. The Eleventh Circuit opinion emphasizes the critical inquiry in a bad faith action is whether the insurer diligently, and with the same haste and precision as if it were in the insured’s shoes, worked on the insured’s behalf to avoid an excess judgment. Applying a totality of the circumstances analysis, the court was satisfied that there was a genuine issue of material fact as to whether USAA’s handling of the insured’s claim amounted to bad faith. The appellate decision first looked at the delay in initiating settlement negotiations. The court then points out the delay by USAA in providing information to the plaintiff and his attorney necessary to settle the case. Finally, regarding causation, the court found that a reasonable jury faced with the record could find that USAA caused, or at least contributed substantially, the entry of the excess judgment against the insured. The Eleventh Circuit reversed and remanded the decision to the lower court.

One Killed in Fatal Florida Double Semi Truck Collision

Published on: March 31, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

Automobile accidents involving trucks and trailers are extremely dangerous. According to a report by the U.S. Department of Transportation, more than 4,100 people were killed in large truck crashes last year. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has found that there were more than 500,000 crashes nationwide involving large trucks, with approximately 107,000 resulting in injuries. Big trucks and trailers are much larger than standard passenger vehicles, averaging 20 to 30 times bigger, creating massive crashes when they impact other vehicles. The difference in the size of the vehicles can prevent truck drivers from seeing smaller cars, while also resulting in more severe impact when crashes do occur. Most deaths in large truck crashes are from occupants of passenger vehicles. Of those killed in such accidents, roughly 82% are people in non-truck vehicles.

Florida is no exception to the truck crash trend, with the most common causes of large truck accidents being fatigue, distraction, substance-impaired driving, speeding, and aggressive overtaking. In certain Florida accident cases, punitive damage awards can increase the victim’s compensation significantly. Punitive damages require special permission from the court in addition to evidence that the defendant was grossly negligent or acted with intention or wanton disregard for the safety of others. In Florida, punitive damages are capped at triple the amount of the compensatory damages, resulting in extremely large awards when they are allowed. A recent local news article discussed a fatal Florida double-truck accident between two semi-trucks.

According to the local news article, the Florida Highway Patrol confirmed that there was a crash between two semi-trucks on I-10 at the 138-mile marker. The Florida Highway Patrol stated that a 60-year-old Niceville man stopped his semi-truck rig in the eastbound lane with the emergency flashers on due to a traffic buildup. At that point, a double-trailer UPS semi-truck smashed into the back of the stopped semi-truck in the eastbound lane. The Niceville driver died at the scene, while the UPS driver was taken to the hospital for minor injuries. According to the Florida Highway Patrol, the reason for the collision is still unknown and is under investigation by law enforcement.

Increased Risks Associated with E-Bike Accidents

Published on: March 31, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

E-bike accident levels have continued to rise as e-bike usage climbs throughout the nation and Florida. Nationally, the sale of e-bikes has rapidly increased, with roughly 804,000 sold in 2021, up from only about 152,000 in 2016, according to the National Bicycle Dealers Association. E-bikes are a popular vehicle option for several reasons, including convenience, cost savings on gas, and reduced environmental impact relative to cars.

Unfortunately, e-bikes pose an elevated risk relative to conventional bicycles due to the greater velocity of e-bikes. The greater power and subsequent velocity that riders receive from e-bikes places riders at increased risk of accidents and greater harm resulting from such accidents. In fact, a 2020 study published in the peer-reviewed journal, Injury Prevention, found that riders of e-bikes are more likely to require hospitalization following accidents than riders of manual bicycles. A recent news article detailed a fatal crash between a truck and an e-bike in the Upper Keys.

According to the article, the crash occurred when a truck hit and killed a 59-year-old man on an e-bike was hit by a truck while trying to cross the road near Snake Creek Bridge in Islamorada. The Florida Highway Patrol said that the man was traveling north on the east side of U.S. 1 when he collided with a pickup truck driven by a 70-year-old man heading south towards Snake Creek Bridge. Per the law enforcement report, the man on the e-bike entered the southbound lane and into the pickup truck’s path before being struck on the right side. The man riding the e-bike died of his injuries. The Florida Highway Patrol is still investigating the crash, and charges are pending.

One Killed in Fatal Pasco County Motorcycle Accident

Published on: March 21, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

While it is common knowledge that driving a motorcycle or motorbike is relatively more dangerous than driving a car or other four-wheeled motor vehicle over the same distance, the difference in safety is starker than you might think. According to some sources, riding a motorcycle can be up to 26 times more likely to die in an accident than someone in an automobile over an identical trip. The heightened level of risk present in motorcycle riding should put car drivers on alert to exercise extreme caution when out on the road. The unprotected nature of motorcycles and the lighter weight and small profile while driving means that car drivers should be hyper-vigilant and aware of motorcycles so as to avoid crashes when driving. A recently published news report detailed a fatal motorcycle crash in Pasco County, Florida, from last month.

According to the recently published news report, the Pasco County motorcycle accident occurred on the afternoon of Thursday, February 16, when an 83-year-old driver of an SUV was traveling northbound on Oakmont Ave and failed to stop at the intersection. Subsequently, a 63-year-old Tarpon Springs man who was driving a motorcycle westbound on Anclote Blvd approaching Oakmont Ave collided with the SUV and collided with another vehicle. The driver of the motorcycle was transported to a nearby trauma center, where he died from his injuries.

Florida makes use of the pure comparative negligence standard. Comparative negligence is the legal concept that parties in an accident are assigned the calculated percentage of fault that they were responsible for in a given accident. Under the pure comparative negligence model, an accident victim can recover money from an equally or less negligent party. That means that in the state of Florida, accident victims can recover compensation from the other party, even if the victim is partially at fault, including fault that exceeds 51%. In practice, this means that even if the victim is found to be mostly at fault for an accident during a trial, they can still seek compensation for personal damages from the other party. If a claim is successful, the total damages awarded will be reduced by the victim’s percentage of fault. It is vital to have an experienced accident attorney to navigate this complex process.

One Killed in Fatal St. Lucie Highway Crash

Published on: March 21, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

From year to year, Florida is consistently one of the states with the most traffic accidents each year. One of the most common ways to measure the risk of fatal car accidents from state to state is the metric of deaths per 100 million miles traveled within a given state. This statistical format can be helpful to calculate driving risks in a state while controlling for disparities in population between different states. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the deaths per 100 million miles traveled within Florida is 1.60, placing it ahead of all but a handful of other states in the country when it comes to drivers and passengers killed in car accidents. Fatalities in Florida car accidents have been rising since 2018, and currently, nearly 40% of all vehicle crashes result in injuries. Crashes occurring on highways can be particularly dangerous due to the higher speed limits on highways, resulting in more serious implications than crashes occurring at slower speeds.

When it comes to vehicle accidents, drivers and passengers in Florida need to be aware of the variety of factors that can be used to calculate pain and suffering damages after a car collision. These factors include but are not limited to injury category, the time required for recovery, treatments, and the severity of the crash. These different elements can help pinpoint the necessary compensation in court after a car crash. Many of these factors are related, as the more serious the crash, the more likely the time to fully recover will be longer. A recent news article discussed a recent fatal St. Lucie County highway from last month.

According to the news article, the accident occurred when two cars collided at an intersection of State Road 70. The accident is being investigated by the Florida Highway Patrol (FHP). According to the FHP, a 58-year-old man was traveling South on Shinn Road approaching the intersection on State Road 70 when he collided with another vehicle driven by a 51-year-old man driving West on State Road 70. The incident occurred on Friday, February 17, around 5:38 a.m. The 58-year-old man was killed during the collision after failing to yield the right of way to the second vehicle.

Florida Keys Motorcyclist Killed in Fatal Turn Lane Crash

Published on: March 16, 2023 | by Friedman Rodman Frank & Estrada, P.A.

Riding a motorcycle is between 15 to 40 times more dangerous than driving a car, and each year dozens of motorcyclists are killed, and thousands more are injured in Florida vehicle accidents. Motorcyclists should exercise extreme caution when out on the road, carefully obeying all traffic signs and laws. In one recent piece from the medical journal CMAJ, research performed on 27,000 motorcycle accidents and 282,000 car accidents found that the injury rate for motorcycle crashes was triple the rate of injury for car crashes. Additionally, the risk of severe injuries was 10 times more likely in motorcycle accidents. Notably, the cost of medical treatment the motorcycle crashes was double that of car accident survivors.

Given the elevated risks when it comes to Florida motorcycle accidents, motorcycle drivers and passengers should be aware of several Florida-specific points when it comes to motorcycle crash compensation. In Florida, compensation in a motorcycle accident will not include personal injury protection (PIP) coverage. PIP is a mandatory, no-fault coverage paid out by the insurance company following an automobile accident. PIP provides up to $10,000 in compensation for things such as medical bills and lost wages, even if the policyholder is responsible for the crash. However, motorcyclists do not receive PIP coverage. A recent news article discussed a fatal motorcycle accident that occurred in February 2023 in Florida.

According to the news article, the accident occurred when a 32-year-old woman driving a 2018 Toyota SUV accelerated as she left the Big Pine Academy school, turning south on U.S. 1. Her car hit the right side of a motorcycle with a 62-year-old man on it. The man on the motorcycle was stopped in the turn lane on U.S. 1, waiting to drive into Big Pine Village shopping center, when the SUV hit him. According to the Florida Highway Patrol, the man on the motorcycle was not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. The man was flown by a helicopter ambulance to Jackson South Medical Center in Kendall for treatment to address his critical injuries, but he died at the hospital later that night. Authorities have said that charges are still pending as the investigation unfolds.